Financial Ratios Glossary

Master the metrics that drive investment decisions

Explore our comprehensive guide to financial ratios and investment metrics. Enhance your analytical skills and make informed investment decisions.

Profitability Ratios

Operating Margin

Measures profit per dollar of sales after accounting for variable costs.

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Profit Margin

Measures the amount of net income earned with each dollar of sales generated.

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EBITDA Margin

Measures a company's operating profit as a percentage of revenue.

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Return on Assets (ROA)

Measures the efficiency of a company's use of its assets.

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Return on Equity (ROE)

Measures the amount of net income returned to shareholders relative to their investment.

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Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)

Measures the return on the capital invested in a company.

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Liquidity Ratios

Current Ratio

Measures a company's ability to pay short-term obligations.

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Quick Ratio

Measures a company's ability to meet its short-term obligations with its most liquid assets.

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Cash Ratio

Measures a company's ability to meet short-term obligations with cash and cash equivalents.

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Efficiency Ratios

Asset Turnover

Measures the efficiency of a company's use of its assets in generating sales revenue.

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Inventory Turnover

Measures how many times a company's inventory is sold and replaced over a period.

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Receivables Turnover

Measures how efficiently a company uses its assets by quantifying how many times it collects receivables during a period.

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Valuation Metrics

Price-to-Earnings Ratio (P/E Ratio)

Measures the price investors are willing to pay for each dollar of a company's earnings.

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Price-to-Book Ratio (P/B Ratio)

Measures the price investors are willing to pay for each dollar of a company's book value.

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Earnings Per Share (EPS)

Measures a company's profitability by calculating the amount of net income earned per share of common stock.

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Enterprise Value/EBITDA (EV/EBITDA)

Measures the total value of a company relative to its operating earnings.

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Enterprise Value/EBIT (EV/EBIT)

Measures the total value of a company relative to its earnings before interest and taxes.

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Other Metrics and Analyses

Dupont Analysis

Decomposes a company's return on equity into three components: profit margin, asset turnover, and financial leverage.

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Days Inventory Outstanding (DIO)

Measures the average number of days it takes a company to sell its inventory.

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EBITDA

Measures a company's operating profit before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization.

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EBIT

Measures a company's operating profit before interest and taxes.

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Enterprise Value (EV)

Measures the total value of a company, including market capitalization, debt, and cash.

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